- Not to be confused with De Wilhelmus.
"Wilhelmus", fully known as "Wilhelmus van Nassouwe", is the national anthem of the Netherlands, and the former national anthem of the Netherlands Antilles until 1964. Known since at least the 16th century, around the time of the Dutch Revolt, this song contains the oldest melody among all national anthems of the world. Its lyrics also date back to the 1500s, though the lyrics of "Kimigayo"—Japan's national anthem—are much older. Because "Het Wilhelmus" is so old, the origins of the composer(s) and author(s) are uncertain, but the melody has been arranged by Dutch composer Adrianus Valerius in the 1600s. It wasn't officially adopted as national anthem of the Netherlands until the 20th century.[1][2][3][4]
"Wilhelmus" originated in the Dutch Revolt, the nation's struggle to achieve independence from the Spanish Empire. It tells of the Father of the Nation William the Silent who was stadholderin the Netherlands under the King of Spain. In the first person, as if quoting himself, William speaks to the Dutch about both the revolt and his own, personal struggle: to be faithful to the king, without being unfaithful to his conscience: to serve God and the Dutch. In the lyrics William compares himself with the biblical David who serves under the tyrannic king Saul. As the merciful David defeats the unjust Saul and is rewarded by God with the kingdom of Israel, so too William hopes to be rewarded with a kingdom. Both "Wilhelmus" and the Dutch Revolt should be seen in the light of the 16th century Reformation in Europe and the resulting persecution of Protestants by the Spanish Inquisition in the Low Countries. Militant music proved very useful not only in lampooning Roman clerks and repressive monarchs but also in generating class-transcending social cohesion. In successfully combining a psalmic character with political relevancy, "Wilhelmus" stands as the pre-eminent example of the genre.
Lyrics[]
Dutch original[]
Original Dutch (1568) | Contemporary Dutch | IPA transcription |
---|---|---|
Wilhelmus van Nassouwe |
Wilhelmus van Nassouwe |
[ʋɪɫ.ˈɦɛɫ.mʏs̠ vɑn nɑ.ˈs̠ɑu̯.ə] |
English version[]
William of Nassau, scion
Of a Dutch and ancient line,
I dedicate undying
Faith to this land of mine.
A prince I am, undaunted,
Of Orange, ever free,
To the king of Spain I've granted
A lifelong loyalty.
I 've ever tried to live in
The fear of God's command
And therefore I've been driven,
From people, home, and land,
But God, I trust, will rate me
His willing instrument
And one day reinstate me
Into my government.
Let no despair betray you,
My subjects true and good.
The Lord will surely stay you
Though now you are pursued.
He who would live devoutly
Must pray God day and night
To throw His power about me
As champion of your right.
Life and my all for others
I sacrificed, for you!
And my illustrious brothers
Proved their devotion too.
Count Adolf, more's the pity,
Fell in the Frisian fray,
And in the eternal city
Awaits the judgement day.
I, nobly born, descended
From an imperial stock.
An empire's prince, defended
(Braving the battle's shock
Heroically and fearless
As pious Christian ought)
With my life's blood the peerless
Gospel of God our Lord.
A shield and my reliance,
O God, Thou ever wert.
I'll trust unto Thy guidance.
O leave me not ungirt.
That I may stay a pious
Servant of Thine for aye
And drive the plagues that try us
And tyranny away.
My God, I pray thee, save me
From all who do pursue
And threaten to enslave me,
Thy trusted servant true.
O Father, do not sanction
Their wicked, foul design,
Don't let them wash their hands in
This guiltless blood of mine.
O David, thou soughtest shelter
From King Saul's tyranny.
Even so I fled this welter
And many a lord with me.
But God the Lord did save me
From exile and its hell
And, in His mercy, gave him
A realm in Israel.
Fear not 't will rain sans ceasing
The clouds are bound to part.
I bide that sight so pleasing
Unto my princely heart,
Which is that I with honor
Encounter death in war,
And meet in heaven my Donor,
His faithful warrior.
Nothing so moves my pity
As seeing through these lands,
Field, village, town and city
Pillaged by roving hands.
O that the Spaniards rape thee,
My Netherlands so sweet,
The thought of that does grip me
Causing my heart to bleed.
A stride on steed of mettle
I've waited with my host
The tyrant's call to battle,
Who durst not do his boast.
For, near Maastricht ensconced,
He feared the force I wield.
My horsemen saw one bounce it
Bravely across the field.
Surely, if God had willed it,
When that fierce tempest blew,
My power would have stilled it,
Or turned its blast from you
But He who dwells in heaven,
Whence all our blessings flow,
For which aye praise be given,
Did not desire it so.
Steadfast my heart remaineth
In my adversity
My princely courage straineth
All nerves to live and be.
I've prayed the Lord my Master
With fervid heart and tense
To save me from disaster
And prove my innocence.
Alas! my flock. To sever
Is hard on us. Farewell.
Your Shepherd wakes, wherever
Dispersed you may dwell,
Pray God that He may ease you.
His Gospel be your cure.
Walk in the steps of Jesu
This life will not endure.
Unto the Lord His power
I do confession make
That ne'er at any hour
Ill of the King I spake.
But unto God, the greatest
Of Majesties I owe
Obedience first and latest,
For Justice wills it so.[5]
French version[]
Guillaume de Nassau
Je suis, de sang germanique
À la patrie fidèle
Toujours, jusqu'au trépas
Je suis Prince d'Orange
Et reste franc sans peur
Du Souverain d'Espagne
J'ai maintenu l'honneur
Je crains mon Dieu, mon Maître
L'ayant toujours servi
Je fus chassé pour être
Sans peuple, sans pays
Mais le Seigneur me traite
Comme un bon instrument
J'attends qu'il me remette
Dans mon gouvernement
L'épreuve vous oppresse
Mes bons sujets tout francs
Mais Dieu ne vous délaisse
Jamais dans vos tourments
Qui de l'aimer s'efforce
L'invoque nuit et jour
Afin que j'aie la force
De vous porter secours
Les biens, la vie entière
Pour vous j'ai tout risqué
Mes très illustres frères
Pour vous ont tout quitté
Adolphe offrit sa vie
En Frise, aux champ fameux
Son âme, en la patrie
Attend le jour de Dieu
Au Chef du Saint Empire
Je dois naissance et rang
D'un Prince ayant le titre
Comme un chrétien fervent
Pour la parole sainte
J'ai intrépidement
Tel un héros sans crainte
Risqué mon noble sang
Ma force, ma défense
Seigneur, est dans ton bras
En Toi j'ai confiance
Ne m'abandonne pas
Fais-moi, toute ma vie,
Rester ton serviteur
Chasser la tyrannie
Qui m'a percé le cœur
Emporte tous les pièges
De mes persécuteurs
Mon Dieu, garde et protège
Ton digne serviteur
Que nul jamais n'atteigne
Ses criminelles fins
Que nul jamais ne baigne
Dans mon sang pur les mains
David dut fuir la haine
De Saül, le tyran
J'ai dû gémir en peine
Avec maint noble et grand
Mais Dieu fit sa victoire
De tous maux le sauva
Au trône de la gloire
Israël l'éleva
Enfin, l'épreuve amère
Fondra dans la douceur
Qu'un noble Prince espère
De Dieu, son vrai Seigneur
Puissé-je voir ma vie
Finir au champ d'honneur
Toujours dans la patrie
Être un héros vainqueur
Non, rien ne m'est contraire
Dans mes malheurs et croix
Autant que la misère
Des bons Pays du Roi
Les Espagnols t'oppressent
Ô noble et doux pays
Ces souvenirs me laissent
Le cœur saignant, meurtri
Ardents sur nos montures
Beau prince et grands soldats
Du fier tyran parjure
Nous voulions le combat
Mais sous Maestricht l'alarme
Le retenait au camp
Mes cavaliers en armes
Hardis foulaient ces champs
Si Dieu puissant et sage
L'avait alors voulu
J'aurais chassé l'orage
Qui vous tient abattus
Mais le Seigneur céleste
Qui tout règle et conduit
Qu'il faut bénir sans cesse
Lors ne l'a point permis
Si chrétienne et vaillante
Fut ma princière ardeur
Qu'elle est restée constante
Malgré tous les malheurs
Je prie avec instance
Mon Dieu, d'un cœur aimant
Qu'il prenne ma défense
Me proclame innocent
Adieu troupeau que j'aime
Adieu pauvre oppressé
Mais ton pasteur quand même
Te garde, dispersé
À Dieu je te confie
Écoute ton Sauveur
Chrétienne soit ta vie
Bientôt ici tout meurt
Voici que je proclame
Devant le Dieu puissant
Je n'ai honni dans l'âme
Le Roi un seul instant
Mais au Seigneur, mon Maître
Suprême Majesté
J'ai bien dû me soumettre
Justice m'a guidé
Performance[]
The "Wilhelmus" is to be played only once at a ceremony or other event and, if possible, it is to be the last piece of music to be played when receiving a foreign head of stateor emissary. During international sport events, such as the World Cup, UEFA European Football Championship, the Olympic Games and the Dutch Grand Prix, the "Wilhelmus" is also played. In nearly every case the first and sixth stanzas (or repeating the last lines), or the 1st stanza alone, are sung/played rather than the entire song, which would result in about 15 minutes of music.
The "Wilhelmus" is also widely used in Flemish nationalist gatherings as a symbol of cultural unity with the Netherlands. Yearly rallies like the "IJzerbedevaart" and the "Vlaams Nationaal Zangfeest" close with singing the 6th stanza, after which the Flemish national anthem "De Vlaamse Leeuw" is sung.
References[]
- ↑ Facts About National Anthems
- ↑ Netherlands: Het Wilhelmus
- ↑ Geuzenliedboek
- ↑ The Reformed David(s) and the Question of Resistance to Tyranny: Reading the Bible in the 16th and 17th Centuries (2014). DeLapp, Nevada Levi. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-567-65549-3.
- ↑ https://www.royal-house.nl/topics/national-anthem/music-lyrics-and-customs Wilhelmus. Music, lyrics and customs, Royal House of the Netherlands.