The State Anthem of Ukraine, known as "Ukraine Is Not Yet Lost", was officially adopted on 15 January 1992 by the Verchovna Rada, and the official lyrics were adopted on 6 March 2003 by the Law on the Anthem of Ukraine. One of the national symbols of Ukraine, the State Anthem of Ukraine is mentioned in Article 20 of the Constitution of Ukraine.
Originally a patriotic poem written in 1862 by Kyivan ethnographer Pavlo Čubynśkyj, it was put to music by a Ukrainian priest named Mychajlo Verbyćkyj after he was inspired by his poem. In 1863, the song was first officially published, and in the following year, it was performed for the first time in Ľviv. It was first recorded in 1916 during World War I.
In the early 20th century, as the song roused many ethnic Ukrainians hoping their nation be completely independent from the Russian Empire, Austria–Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland, "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" became the national anthem of the historical polities Carpatho-Ukraine, the Ukrainian People's Republic, and the West Ukrainian People's Republic. During the Soviet regime, the song was banned; instead, the Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted. After succession from the Soviet Union, a competition for a new national anthem was held in which "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" won and was chosen; the other candidate was Mykola Voronyj's and Jaroslav Jaroslavenko's "Za Ukraïnu!". "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" was officially adopted by the Verchovna Rada on 15 January 1992 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The lyrics, which have been modified a bit, were adopted in 2003 by the Law on the Anthem of Ukraine.[1][2][3][4]
History[]
Background[]
"Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna", written by Ukrainian ethnographer and poet Pavlo Čubynśkyj, has been thought by scholars that the Polish national anthem "Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła" dating back to 1797 inspired his 1862 poem.[5][6][7] "Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła" was popular among the nations of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that were fighting for independence at the time; only a few months after Čubynśkyj's poem was written, the January Uprising between the Polish National Government and the Prussia-backed Russian Empire began.[8] A memoirist who was present claimed that Čubynśkyj wrote the lyrics spontaneously while listening to Serbian students sing a hymn—likely "Hej, Slaveni!", which is influenced by "Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła"—during a gathering in Kyiv.[9]
This song was disseminated throughout Ukraine as a rallying point for nationalist sentiments. The Russian government saw this as a threat to their principles, so Prince Vasyľ Dolhorukov exiled him to Arkhangelsk Governorate.[10] When his work in that region was recognized internationally by his peers, Čubynśkyj was sent to Saint Petersburg to work in the Transport Ministry as a low-level official. He became paralyzed in 1880 and died four years later.[11]
The poem was first officially published in 1863, when it appeared in the fourth issue of the Ľviv journal Meta,[12] which mistakenly attributed the anthem to 19th-century writer Taras Ševčenko.[13] It became popular in the territories which now form part of Western Ukraine, and came to the attention of a member of the Ukrainian clergy, Mychajlo Verbyćkyj of the Greek Catholic Church. As he was intrigued by Čubynśkyj's poem, Verbyćkyj came to the choice of composing a harmonious melody for it.[14] The poem was first published with Verbyćkyj's sheet music, then in 1865, the first choral performance of the piece was in 1864 at the Ukraine Theatre in Ľviv.[15] The first recording of the anthem was released on a phonograph record by American record label Columbia Records during World War I.[16] It was performed by a Ukrainian emigrant in New York in 1915.[17]
In 1917, "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" was the de facto national anthem of the Ukrainian National Republic (UNR) which lasted until 1920. Between November 1918 and July 1919, it was used by West Ukrainian National Republic (WUNR), a breakaway state which sought to reunite with the UNR after the Unification Act was signed on 22 January 1919.
Soviet-era[]
In 1922, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR along with the Russian SFSR, Transcaucasian SFSR, and the Belarusian SSR, which created the constituent republic. Following the signing of the treaty, the anthem was banned by the Soviet regime because of its nationalist content. The authorities later decided that each separate Soviet republic could have its own anthem, but "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" was rejected because Soviet authorities wanted to suppress separatist sentiments held by Ukrainian Nationalists. In 1939, outside the Soviet Union, "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" was officially adopted by Carpathian Ukraine under control of the Second Czechoslovak Republic which lasted for 169 days.
In 1942, after Joseph Stalin demanded that "The Internationale" be replaced with a new anthem, the State Anthem of the Soviet Union was officially adopted a couple years later. All other constituent Soviet republics were expected to produce their own anthems as well—all of which had to have lyrics lauding the communist Soviet regime and its leaders. A commission on the anthem was established on 23 February 1944; thus, the Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted.[18] In the year of 1945,A new anthem has been adopted.[19]
Post-independence[]
On 15 January 1992, it was adopted by the Verchovna Rada as the State Anthem of Ukraine under Article 20 of the Ukrainian Constitution.[20] However, the lyrics weren't officially adopted until 6 March 2003, when the Verchovna Rada passed a law on the state anthem of Ukraine (Закон "Про Державний гімн України"), proposed by Leonid Kučma. The law proposed Verbyćkyj's music and Čubynśkyj's first stanza and refrain of his poem. The first stanza changed from "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna, ni slava ni volia" to "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïny, i slava i volia". There were attempts for attaining new lyrics through a commission sponsoring several contests as the Ukrainian government didn't adopt Čubynśkyj's lyrics due to them being considered outdated, and the unsuccessful results have continued the association of the anthem with Čubynśkyj's poem.[21] The law was passed with an overwhelming majority of 334 votes out of 450, with only 46 MPs opposing; only the members of the Socialist Party of Ukraine and the Communist Party of Ukraine refused to vote. The passing of this law finalized Article 20 of the Constitution. The national anthem at the time was only instrumental and contained no lyrics; it would henceforth also include the modified lyrics of Čubynśkyj.
Modern-era[]
In the early 2000s, the State Anthem of Ukraine gained a lot of traction during the Orange Revolution. During Euromaidan in 2013, the anthem became a revolutionary song for the protesters; in the early weeks of the protests, protesters sang the anthem once an hour led by the singer Ruslana.[22] Ukrainian composer Valentyn Syľvestrov, who participated in Ukrainian protests in Kyiv, described the Ukrainian anthem as "amazing."[23] In the American international relations journal World Affairs, Nadia Diuk argued that the national anthem was used as "the clarion call of the 'revolution'" during Euromaidan, which added weight to protests that previous ones, such as the Orange Revolution, lacked.[24] In a 2014 survey, after being asked "How has your attitude toward the following changed for the last year?", the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found that the attitude towards the Ukrainian national anthem had "improved a lot" in about a quarter of Ukrainians who responded.[25]
In the wake of the Russian Special Military Operation in February 2022, many orchestras in Europe and North America performed the anthem in "solidarity" with Ukraine and the "people".[26] Sporting events in Europe and North America have also performed the anthem to show "support for Ukraine" as well.
Lyrics[]
The lyrics to "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" reminds the Ukrainian people about their struggle for national self-identity and their nation's independence. It was sung as the de facto national anthem of the newly independent Ukraine at the inauguration of the first President Leonid Kravčuk on 5 December 1991. After some slight modifications to Čubynśkyj's original words, the anthem was made de jure on 6 March 2003, and Article 20 of the Constitution of Ukraine designated Verbyčkyj's music for the national anthem on 28 June 1996.
The State Anthem of Ukraine has been translated into several languages, including Polish, Russian, Romanian, Hungarian, Crimean Tatar, and Azerbaijani.
"Ukraine is not yet lost" - National Anthem of Ukraine
Current official since 2003[]
| Cyrillic script | Latin script | Greek script | IPA transcription |
|---|---|---|---|
Šče ne vmerla Ukraïny i slava, i volia, |
Σ̌τσ̌ε νε βμέρλα Ουκραΐνυ ι σλάβα, ι βόλια, |
[ʃt͡ʃɛ nɛ ˈu̯mɛr.ɫɐ ʊ.krɐ.ˈji.nɪ ǀ i ˈsɫɑ.wɐ i ˈwɔ.lʲɐ ‖] |
In other languages[]
English[]
Nay, thou art not dead, Ukraine, see, thy glory's born again,
And the skies, O brethren, upon us smile once more!
As in Springtime melts the snow, so shall melt away the foe,
And we shall be masters in our own home.
𝄆 Soul and body, yea, our all, offer we at freedom's call
We, whose forebears, and ourselves, proud Cossacks are! 𝄇[28][29]
Crimean Tatar[]
- See also Anthem of Crimea.
A Crimean Tatar version of the State Anthem of Ukraine was translated by Maye Abdulğaniyeva.
| Cyrillic script | Latin script |
|---|---|
Украинанынъ шан-шурети яшай, ирадесиле. |
Ukrainanıñ şan-şüreti yaşay, iradesile. |
Russian[]
Нет, не сгинет Украины ни слава, ни воля.
Скоро, братья-украинцы, улыбнётся доля.
Украины враги сгинут, как роса на солнце.
Властвовать мы будем, братья, на нашей сторонке!
Душу-тело мы положим за нашу свободу,
И покажем, что мы, братья, казацкого роду.
Romanian (used by Moldovan diaspora)[]
| Romanian Latin | Moldovan Cyrillic |
|---|---|
Încă nu a murit Ucraina, nici gloria, nici libertatea, |
Ынкэ ну а мурит Украина, ничь глория, ничь либертатя, |
Gagauz[]
The State Anthem of Ukraine was translated into the Gagauz language, known as "Taa ölmedi Ukraina", by Tudora Arnaut, a producer of Kyiv State University, and head of the Ukrainian Gagauz Union.
| Latin | Cyrillic |
|---|---|
Taa ölmedi Ukrainada şan hem serbestlik. |
Таа ӧлмеди Украинада шан хем сербестлик. |
Original version (1863)[]
| Ukrainian original[30] | Romanization | IPA transcription | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
Ще не вмерла України, |
Šče ne vmerla Ukraïny, |
[ʃt͡ʃɛ nɛ ˈu̯mɛr.ɫɐ ʊ.krɐ.ˈji.nɐ ǀ i ˈsɫɑ.wɐ ǀ i ˈwɔ.lʲɐ ‖] |
Never perished is Ukraine, |
Draft lyrics prior to 2003[]
| Ukrainian original | Romanization | IPA transcription | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
Ще не вмерла України ні слава, ні воля. |
Šče ne vmerla Ukraïny, ni slava, ni volia, |
[ʃt͡ʃɛ nɛ ˈu̯mɛr.ɫɐ ʊ.krɐ.ˈji.nɪ ǀ n⁽ʲ⁾i ˈsɫɑ.wɐ ǀ n⁽ʲ⁾i ˈwɔ.lʲɐ ‖] |
Ukraine is not yet lost, nor her glory, nor her freedom, |
External links[]
- Performances
- Ukrainian protesters sing the national anthem during clashes, Kyiv, Feb 18, 2014 – YouTube (uploaded by "Володимир Нагорнюк")
- United People - Гімн України (Live) | National Anthem of Ukraine – YouTube (uploaded by "UnitedPeopleGroup"
- Ukrainian opera singers perform heartwarming national anthem in Lviv – YouTube (uploaded by "The Independent"
- Performances by celebrities
- Zlata Ognevich - Sings The Ukraine National Anthem 31/12/14 – YouTube (uploaded by "Zlata-UK")
- Злата Огневич. Гимн Украины. Благотворительный концерт Ігри Нескорених от 30.04.2017 – YouTube (uploaded by "Телеканал СТБ")
- Анастасія Багінська і Хмара – Гімн України. «Незалежність – це ти» – YouTube (uploaded by "Телеканал 1+1")
- Ruslana singing the Ukrainian National Anthem before a fight of Wladimir Klitschko – YouTube (uploaded by "RuslanaTube")
- Okean Elzy at the Lviv Arena: thousands sing national anthem at Ukrainian Independence Day concert – YouTube (uploaded by "UKRAINE TODAY")
References[]
- ↑ A History of Ukraine: A Land and Its Peoples (2010). Magocsi, Paul Robert. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 401.
- ↑ ОТЕЦЬ МИХАЙЛО ВЕРБИЦЬКИЙ (4.03.1815-7.12.1870) Cerkwa.net.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ukraine. NationalAnthems.info. Kendall, David.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ukraine – Shche ne Vmerla Ukraina. NationalAnthems.me.
- ↑ Павло Чубинський писав вірші "під Шевченка (2009-01-22). Grinevich, Victor. Gazeta.ua.
- ↑ Hrytsak, Yaroslav (2005). pp. 57–58. "On Sails and Gales, and Ships Driving in Various Directions: Post-Soviet Ukraine as a Test Case for the Meso-Area Concept". In Matsuzato, Kimitaka (ed.). Emerging Meso-areas in the Former Socialist Countries: histories revised or improvised?. Hokkaido University. ISBN 978-4-938637-35-4.
- ↑ Grabowska, Sabina (2016). "The Evolution of Polish National Symbols on the Example of the Flag and Anthem". Kultura I Edukacja. Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek (4): 183. ISSN 1230-266X.
- ↑ Dąbrowski Mazurka (2000). Trochimczyk, Maja. National Anthems of Poland. Los Angeles: Polish Music Center, USC Thornton School of Music.
- ↑ Klid, Bohdan (2008). "Songwriting and Singing: Ukrainian Revolutionary and Not So Revolutionary Activities in the 1860s". Journal of Ukrainian Studies: 264–277.
- ↑ Павло Платонович Чубинський. Андрусов Микола Іванович.
- ↑ Anthem Passions. Kharchenko, Serhiy. Ukraine Observer Issue 219.
- ↑ Pavlo Platonovich Chubynsky. NTUU KPI.
- ↑ Kubijovyč, Volodymyr (1963). Ukraine: a concise encyclopedia. Vol. 1. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-3261-4. p. 36.
- ↑ Struk, Danylo Husar, ed. (1993). "Verbytsky, Mykhailo". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Vol. 5. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-3010-8.
- ↑ Bristow, Michael Jamieson (2006). National Anthems of the World (11th ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36826-6.
- ↑ У інтернеті набирає популярність аудіозапис гімну україни 1916 року (2014-10-20). Channel 5 News.
- ↑ Маловідомі сторінки із життя Михайла Зазуляка (2013-11-07). Zhytkevych, Anatoliy. MICT Online.
- ↑ Yekelchyk, Serhy (2003). "When Stalin's Nations Sang: Writing the Soviet Ukrainian Anthem (1944–1949)". Nationalities Papers. 31 (3): 309–326. doi:10.1080/0090599032000115510. S2CID 162023479.
- ↑ Yekelchyk, Serhy (2003). "When Stalin's Nations Sang: Writing the Soviet Ukrainian Anthem (1944–1949)". Nationalities Papers. 31 (3): 309–326. doi:10.1080/0090599032000115510. S2CID 162023479.
- ↑ Bristow, Michael Jamieson (2006). National Anthems of the World (11th ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36826-6.
- ↑ Hang, Xing (2003). Encyclopedia of National Anthems. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4847-4. pp. 645—646.
- ↑ Євромайдан уночі забарикадувався ялинкою і щогодини співав гімн із Русланою (2013-12-02). ICTV Ukraine.
- ↑ Валентин Сильвестров: "Читайте Шевченка, доки не пізно..." (2013-12-29). Semenchenko, Maria. День.
- ↑ EUROMAIDAN: Ukraine's Self-Organizing Revolution (2014). Diuk, Nadia. World Affairs. 176 (6): 9–16. JSTOR 43555086.
- ↑ Kulyk, Volodymyr (2016-04-20). "National Identity in Ukraine: Impact of Euromaidan and the War". Europe-Asia Studies. 68 (4): 588–608. doi:10.1080/09668136.2016.1174980. S2CID 147826053.
- ↑ Video of the Day: orchestras across Europe perform Ukrainian anthem (2022-03-06). Gramophone.
- ↑ Law of Ukraine "About National Anthem of Ukraine"
- ↑ Ukrainas nationalsång (2019-12-16). Ukraina i Sverige.
- ↑ UKRAINE'S NEW ANTHEM.; Translation of the National Hymn Adopted by the Republic (1918-06-17). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
- ↑ З першої репринтної публікації у львівському журналу «Мета», 1863, № 4, с. 271—272, що є літературною канонічною пам'яткою, яка лягла в основу пізніших модифікацій тексту.
- ↑ [Українські народні пісні] Народна творчість (фольклор). 2018.