历届国庆阅兵中的中国国歌 Chinese National Anthem Played in the Past National Day Parades
The "March of the Volunteers" is the national anthem of the People's Republic of China. Written by playwright Tian Han in 1934 and composed by Nie Er a year later,[5][6] it was first officially adopted in 1949[1] when the Communist Party overthrew the prior nationalist ruling party. It also became the national anthems of special administrative region Hong Kong in 1997[2] and Macao in 1999.[3] In 2004, this anthem became embedded in the Chinese Constitution.[4]
History[]
The breakaway of Manchukuo from China in 1932 under the Empire of Japan saw an increase of nationalistic arts and literature. The song was originally titled "March of the Anti-Manchukuo Counter-Japan Volunteers".[7][8][9] The lyrics were authored by communist playwright Tian Han, then the music was composed by Nie Er, which was arranged by Jewish composer Aaron Avshalomov for the 1935 Chinese communist film Children of Troubled Times. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, "March of the Volunteers" became a popular military march song, particularly when nationalist general Dai Anlan considered it to be the 200th Division's anthem. When the People's Republic was established in 1949, "March of the Volunteers" became the provisional anthem, replacing "Sān Mín Zhǔyì" of the Republic of China, as well as "The Internationale" of the Chinese Communist Party and of the former Chinese Soviet Republic. When Tian Han was purged to death during the 1960s' Cultural Revolution, briefly this song was unofficially replaced by "The East Is Red", reinstated but played without lyrics. In 1978, the status of "March of the Volunteers" was elevated albeit with altered lyrics. The original version was restored in 1982.
Lyrics[]
Tian Han and Nie Er, respectively the author and composer of "March of the Volunteers".
Current official, 1935 version[]
| Simplified Chinese | Pinyin | Traditional Chinese | Palladius Cyrillization | IPA transcription |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Qǐlái! Búyuàn zuò núlì de rénmen! |
起來！不願做奴隸的人們！ |
Цилай! Буюань цзуо нули дэ жэньмэнь! |
[t͡ɕʰì.lǎɪ̯ ‖ pǔ.ʏ̯ɛ̂n t͡swô̞ nǔ.lî tɤ ɻə̌n.mən ‖] |
Unofficial translations[]
The "March of the Volunteers" has been translated into several languages throughout its existence.
Lee Pao-Ch'en's translation (1943)[12]
Arise! ye who refuse to be bond slaves!
With our very flesh and blood,
Let us build our new Great Wall.
China's masses have met the day of danger,
Indignation fills the hearts of all our countrymen.
Arise! Arise! Arise!
Many hearts with one mind,
Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on!
Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on!
March on! March on! On!
- English version by Paul Robeson
Chee Lai (1941)
Arise, you who refuse to be bond-slaves!
Let's stand up and fight for liberty and true democracy!
All our world is facing the chains of the tyrants.
Everyone who works for freedom is now crying:
Arise! Arise! Arise!
All of us with one heart,
with the torch of freedom, March on!
With the torch of freedom, March on!
March on! March on and on![13][14]
Arise (1953)
Arise, you who refuse to be bond-slaves!
Let's stand up and fight for liberty and true democracy!
All our world is facing the chains of oppression.
Everyone who fights for freedom is now crying:
Arise! Arise! Arise!
All of us with one heart,
with the torch of freedom, March on!
With the torch of freedom, March on!
March on! March on and on!
- Portuguese (in Macau)
- Uyghur (in Xinjiang)
!قوزغال! قۇل بولىشنى خاھلىمىغانلار
!گۆشت ھەم قانىمىز بىلەن مەھكەم ئىستىھكام قۇرايلى!
،جۇڭخۇا مىللەتلىرى ئەڭ خەتەرلىك ھالدا
.ھەر كىشىنىڭ ئەڭ ئاخىرىقى غەزىبى تاشماقتا
!قوزغال! قوزغال! قوزغال
،ھەممە بىر نىيەتتە،
!دۆشمەندىن ھېچ قورۇقماي، ئالغا
!دۆشمەندىن ھېچ قورۇقماي، ئالغا
!ئالغا! ئالغا! ئالغا! باس
- Tibetan (in Tibet)
བྲན་གཡོག་བྱེད་མི་འདོད་པའི་མི་རྣམས།
ང་ཚོའི་ཤ་དང་ཁྲག་གིས་ལྕགས་རི་རིང་པོ་གསར་དུ་བརྩིག་ཤོག
ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་རིགས་ཉེན་ཁ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ལ་སླེབས་དུས།
མི་རྣམས་མཐའ་མཇུག་ངར་སྒྲ་མ་སྒྲོག་དཀའ་མེད་བྱུང་།
ལོངས་ཤོག ལོངས་ཤོག ལོངས་ཤོག
ང་ཚོས་བློ་སེམས་གཅིག་སྒྲིལ།
དགྲ་བོའི་མཚོན་ཆ་ལ་མི་འཇིགས་མདུན་བསྐྱོད།
དགྲ་བོའི་མཚོན་ཆ་ལ་མི་འཇིགས་མདུན་བསྐྱོད།
མདུན་བསྐྱོད། མདུན་བསྐྱོད། བསྐྱོད།[17]
- Manchu (in Manchuria)
Iliki aha ome cihalarkv urse
Muse senggi yali i ice golmin hecen sahaki
Junghvwa uksura tuksicuke forgon de teisulehe
Gerenofi hafirabufi emu jilgan surembi
Iliki, iliki, iliki!
Muse emu gvnin tebufi
Miyoocan muhaliyan de funturxeme
Nushuki! Nushuki! Nushuki![18]
- Korean (in Yanbian)
일어나라! 노예가 되기를 원치 않는 사람들이여!
우리의 혈육으로 새로운 만리장성을 세우자!
중화민족에 가장 위험한 시기가 왔네,
억압받는 한 사람마다 마지막 함성을 외친다네.
일어나라! 일어나라! 일어나라!
우리의 하나같은 마음으로,
적군의 포화를 용감히 뚫고, 전진하자!
적군의 포화를 용감히 뚫고, 전진하자!
전진하자! 전진하자! 나가자!
- Vietnamese (in Guangxi)
Đứng lên! Những người không muốn làm nô lệ!
Với máu thịt chúng ta, hãy cùng nhau xây dựng Trường Thành mới!
Dân tộc Trung Hoa đã đến lúc hiểm nguy,
Mỗi người hãy cất lên tiếng thét.
Đứng lên! Đứng lên! Đứng lên!
Chúng ta muôn người như một,
Bất chấp đạn lửa quân thù, tiến lên!
Bất chấp đạn lửa quân thù, tiến lên!
Tiến lên! Tiến lên! Tiến!
- Russian (in Heilongjiang)
Вставай, кто рабства больше не хочет!
Мы построим Великую стену своей плотью!
Пробил час тревожный! Спасём мы родной край!
Пусть кругом, как гром грохочет наш боевой клич:
Вставай! Вставай! Вставай!
Миллионы людей,
Мы единое сердце, вперёд!
Через оружейный огонь врага, вперёд!
Вперёд! Вперёд! Вперёд! В бой![19]
- Dungan
Челэ! Бу йүан зў нулиди жынму!
Ба вәмуди щежу, җўчын вәму щинди чончын!
Җунхуа минзў доли зуй вищянди сыху.
Мыйгә жын быйпәҗы фачў зуйхуди хушын.
Челэ! Челэ! Челэ!
Вәму ванҗунйищин,
Моҗы дижынди похуә, чянҗин!
Моҗы дижынди похуә, чянҗин!
Чянҗин! Чянҗин! Җин!
- Esperanto
Leviĝ'! Popol' ne volanta sklavi!
Per niaj korpoj ni fondu la novan Grandmuron!
Ĉe Ĉinion venas la plej kriza hor'
Ĉiu devigite elkrias per lastmuĝ'
Leviĝ! Leviĝ! Leviĝ!
Ni unuanime,
Kontraŭ agresaj kugloj, marŝu!
Kontraŭ agresaj kugloj, marŝu!
Marŝu! Marŝu! Marŝ!
1978 version[]
| Simplified Chinese | Traditional Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Palladius Cyrillic |
|---|---|---|---|
前進！各民族英雄的人民！ |
Qiánjìn! Gè mínzǔ yīngxióngde rénmín, |
Цяньцзинь! Гэ миньцзу инсюндэ жэньминь, |
- English translation
- March on! Heroes of every races!
- The great Communist Party leads us in continuing the Long March!
- Millions with but one heart toward a communist tomorrow
- Bravely struggle to develop and protect the motherland.
- March on! March on! March on!
- We shall for many generations
- Raise high Mao Zedong's banner! March on!
- Raise high Mao Zedong's banner! March on!
- March on! March on! On!
Trivia[]
- In 1941, African American musician Paul Robeson recorded and sung both a Chinese and an English version of the song.[22][23]
- In 1944, an instrumental version recorded by the Army Air Force Orchestra was played as the theme song for film Why We Fight VI: The Battle of China.
- The Slovenian avant-garde band Laibach recorded an electronic version of this song in both English and Mandarin.[24]
- British musician Damon Albarn created an upbeat version of this song.[25]
- German musician Holger Czukay created a cut-up instrumental version of this song.
- The third line of the first stanza in the lyrics of "Glory to Hong Kong" created during the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests makes a reference to the first line of "March of the Volunteers".
Gallery[]
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Resolution on the Capital, Calendar, National Anthem, and National Flag of the People's Republic of China (1949-09-27). First Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Beijing. Hosted at Wikisource.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Annex III (1990-04-04). Seventh National People's Congress in Beijing. Hosted at Wikisource.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, Annex III (1993-03-31). Eighth National People's Congress in Beijing. Hosted at Wikisource.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Amendment IV, §31 (2004-03-14). Tenth National People's Congress in Beijing. Hosted at Wikisource.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=OgO8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT163&dq=起来！不愿做奴隶的人们！+把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城！+中华民族到了最危险的时候，+每个人被迫着发出最后的吼声%E3%80%82+起来！起来！起来！+我们万众一心，+冒着敌人的炮火，前进！+冒着敌人的炮火，前进！+前进！前进！进！&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0m8CXpu3pAhVdRhUIHX14AAwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=起来！不愿做奴隶的人们！%20把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城！%20中华民族到了最危险的时候，%20每个人被迫着发出最后的吼声%E3%80%82%20起来！起来！起来！%20我们万众一心，%20冒着敌人的炮火，前进！%20冒着敌人的炮火，前进！%20前进！前进！进！&f=false 《沈默的群山》。許祚祿著
安徽文藝出版社。2016年1月1日。 - ↑ 6.0 6.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=HaGPDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11&dq=起来！不愿做奴隶的人们！+把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城！+中华民族到了最危险的时候，+每个人被迫着发出最后的吼声%E3%80%82+起来！起来！起来！+我们万众一心，+冒着敌人的炮火，前进！+冒着敌人的炮火，前进！+前进！前进！进！&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0m8CXpu3pAhVdRhUIHX14AAwQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=起来！不愿做奴隶的人们！%20把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城！%20中华民族到了最危险的时候，%20每个人被迫着发出最后的吼声%E3%80%82%20起来！起来！起来！%20我们万众一心，%20冒着敌人的炮火，前进！%20冒着敌人的炮火，前进！%20前进！前进！进！&f=false 《告别与重建: 读懂二十一世纪中国》。吴克立 著
世界华语出版社。2016年11月22日。11页。 - ↑ 淺談聶耳名歌「義勇軍進行曲」 (2012-12-25). 曾永介. 雲南文獻. Yunnan Association of Taipei (42)
- ↑ 中华人民共和国国歌的诞生源于长城抗战 (2013-08-29). 曹建民. Kuancheng History Museum. Hebei, China.
- ↑ 红色桓仁是国歌原创素材地 (2021-02-08). 丛焕宇. Liaoning Daily via People.com.
- ↑ http://www.gov.cn/guoqing/guoge/index.htm gov.cn.
- ↑ The PRC anthem from the PRC's official government webportal.
- ↑ Lee, Pao-Ch'en. Songs of Fighting China [C]. New York: Chinese News Service, Printed in U. S. A. by Alliance-Pacific Press. Inc. 1943.
- ↑ Respect, the national anthem and the Basic Law (2018-03-25). Webb-site Reports. Translated by Paul Robeson.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ O Partido Comunista da China – História e Doutrina (2021-07-12). Escrito por Lejeune Mirhan. Publicado por Grabois em Brasil.
- ↑ Marcha dos Voluntários. Antiwarsongs.org.
- ↑ ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་གླུ། (2021-01-18). Hosted at LyricsTranslate.
- ↑ 中华人民共和国国歌（锡伯语-满语版） (2018-10-04). 百度贴吧.
- ↑ Гимн Китая. Flag-Gimn.ru.
- ↑ 存档副本
- ↑ 邮币卡大百科 → 邮票 → J字邮票 → J.46：中华人民共和国成立三十周年(第三组) 邮票互动网.
- ↑ Paul Robeson's album "Chee Lai!". Audio hosted at the Internet Archive. Lyrics and sheet music hosted at Political Folk Music.
- ↑ Bonner, David. Revolutionizing Children's Records: 1946–1977, pp. 47 f. Scarecrow Press (Plymouth), 2008.
- ↑ Laibach: Volk (2015). Anderson, Rick. AllMusic. San Francisco, U.S.
- ↑ Monkey: Journey to the West Review (2008). Jones, Chris. BBC Music. London, England.