"Lupang Hinirang", known as "Chosen Land" in English and originally known as "Marcha Nacional Filipina" in Spanish, is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed by Julián Felipe in 1898, and its lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem Filipinas which was written by Filipino soldier José Palma y Velásquez a year later. This song was first adopted as the anthem of the First Philippine Republic in 1898, but without lyrics. By the 1940s, the original Spanish lyrics were translated into Filipino. The Filipino lyrics became official in 1958 and was revised in 1963, then it became embedded in law in 1998.[1][2]
Regulation[]
Article XVI, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies that "The Congress may, by law, adopt a new name for the country, a national anthem, or a national seal, which shall be truly reflective and symbolic of the ideals, history, and traditions of the people. Such law shall take effect only upon its ratification by the people in a national referendum."[3]
By law[]
Republic Act No. 8491 ("The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines") regulates usage of the National Anthem, and contains the complete lyrics of "Lupang Hinirang". Enacted in 1998, it requires that the anthem "shall always be sung in the national language" regardless if performed inside or outside the Philippines, and specifies that the singing must be done "with fervor".[2]
The code specifies penalties for violation of its provisions. Section 48 provides for public censure and cancellation of licenses and permits, Section 49 requires the Department of Education and the Commission on Higher Education to ensure that all students commit the national anthem to memory, section 50 specifies penalties of fine or imprisonment for violations.[2]
Usage[]
The anthem is usually played during public gatherings in the Philippines or in foreign countries where the Filipino audience is sizable. The Code also provides that it be played at other occasions as may be allowed by the National Historical Commission. It prohibits its playing or singing for mere recreation, amusement, or entertainment except during International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a representative; local competitions; during the "sign-on" and "sign-off" of radio broadcasting and television stations in the country; and before the initial and last screening of films and before the opening of theatre performances.
Until 1999, the national anthem was played with four ruffles and flourishes as the presidential salute honors music during the beginning of civil or military parades following Spanish and Taiwanese tradition, especially on national holidays. Since that year it has been played solely during the presentation of award recipients on anniversary parades or following the presidential honors.[4]
The national anthem is played each morning early breakfast on radio and television by GMA Network and at the sign-on and sign-off (replay rerun recorded sign-on) of its transmission for the day.
Lyrics[]
Official lyrics[]
Filipino official[]
The Filipino version was translated by Felipe Padilla de León in 1958, and was revised in 1963.
Filipino original | Tagalog Cyrillic | Tausug Jawi | Baybayin inscription | IPA transcription |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bayang magiliw, |
Баянг магилив, |
بيڠ مگلو |
ᜊᜌᜅ᜔ ᜋᜄᜒᜎᜒᜏ᜔᜵ |
[ˈba.jɐŋ mɐ.ˈɡi.lɪʊ̯] |
- Literal English translation of Tagalog
- Beloved country,
- Pearl of the Orient,
- The ardor of the heart
- In your bosom is ever alive.
- Chosen Land,
- You are the cradle of the brave,
- To the conquerors
- You shall never surrender.
- Through the seas and mountains,
- Through the air and your blue skies,
- There is splendor in the poem
- And song of beloved freedom.
- The sparkle of your flag
- Is shining victory.
- Its stars and sun
- will never ever dim.
- Land of the morning, of glory, of our affection,
- Life is heaven in your arms;
- When someone oppresses you, it is our pleasure
- To die for you.
Historical lyrics[]
Spanish original[]
The Spanish original titled "Marcha Nacional Filipina" was penned by José Palma in 1899.
Spanish original | Baybayin inscription | IPA transcription |
---|---|---|
Tierra adorada |
ᜆᜒᜌᜒᜇ ᜀᜇᜓᜇᜇ |
[ˈtje.ra‿a.ðo.ˈɾa.ða] |
English original[]
This version was translated in 1938 by Camilo Osías et al. It's sung in American English.
Land of the morning
Child of the sun returning
With fervor burning
Thee do our souls adore.
Land dear and holy
Cradle of noble heroes
Ne’er shall invaders
Trample thy sacred shores.
Ever within thy skies and through thy clouds
And o’er thy hills and seas
Do we behold the radiance
feel the throb
Of glorious liberty.
Thy banner dear to all our hearts
Its sun and stars alight
Oh, never shall its shining fields
Be dimmed by tyrants might!
Beautiful land of love, o land of light
In thine embrace ’tis rapture to lie
But it is glory ever, when thou art wronged
For us thy sons to suffer and die.[7]
Japanese-era Tagalog version[]
Ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II, the Empire of Japan invaded the Commonwealth of the Philippines. The occupation lasted from 1942 to 1945. During this time, a version of the anthem in Tagalog, titled "Diwa ng Bayan", was used.
Lupang mapalad,
Na mutya ng silangan;
Bayang kasuyo,
Ng sangkalikasan.
Buhay at yaman,
Ng Kapilipinuhan;
Kuha't bawi,
Sa banyagang kamay.
Sa iyong langit, bundok,
batis, dagat na pinalupig;
Nailibing na ang karimlan,
Ng kahapong pagtitiis.
Sakit at luha, hirap,
Sisa at sumpa sa pag-aamis;
ay wala nang lahat at naligtas,
Sa ibig manlupit.
Hayo't magdiwang lahi kong minamahal,
Iyong watawat ang siyang tanglaw;
At kung sakaling ikaw ay muling pagbantaan,
Aming bangkay ang siyang hahadlang.[8]
Post-World War II Tagalog version[]
After the Japanese were expelled from the Philippines, different lyrics were used. It was known by its incipit as "O Sintang Lupa".
O sintang lupa,
Perlas ng Silanganan,
Diwang apoy kang
Sa araw nagmula.
Lupang magiliw,
Pugad ng kagitingan,
Sa manlulupig
Di ka papaslang.
Sa iyong langit, simoy, parang.
Dagat at kabundukan,
Laganap ang tibok ng puso
Sa paglayang walang hanggan.
Sagisag ng watawat mong mahal
Ningning at tagumpay;
Araw't bituin niyang maalab
Ang s'yang lagi naming tanglaw.
Sa iyo, Lupa ng ligaya't pagsinta,
Tamis mabuhay na yakap mo,
Datapwa't langit ding kung ikaw ay apihin
Ay mamatay ng dahil sa 'yo.[9]
Kapampangan version[]
Kapampangan is one of the eight major Philippine languages. A version in Kapampangan, titled "Dalit ning Lahi", was officially in use.
Labuad a mapalad
Mutya nang lalu sampat
Ning dayat-malat
A queca misapuac.
Budning sultana
Guinu na ning Malasia
Pemalena'na
Ning tapat a sinta.
Caring bunduc mu at caqueuan
Batis, ulu't pulung cacal
Bitasang macalimbagan
Ing quecang catimauan.
Qng bandila mung maningning
A tecutan da ring tacsil
Capilan man e culimlim
Ing aldo na at batuin.
Labuad ning aldo, sinta't tepangan
Mayumung diling queque ca mie
Ing queca que ngan paimate.[10][11]
Lyrics in other regional languages[]
Cebuano version[]
Cebuano is a Bisayan language, and the second most widely spoken language in the Philippines. It is spoken primarily by the Visayans. This version is known as "Nasudnong Awit".
Yutang tabunon
Mutya nga masilakon
Putling bahandi
Amo kang gimahal
Mithing gisimba
Yuta’s mga bayani
Sa malupigon
Padagapigan ka
Ang mga bungtod mo ug lapyahan
Ang langit mong bughaw
Nagahulad sa awit, lamdag sa
Kaliwat tang gawas
Silaw sa adlaw ug bitoon
Sa nasudnong bandila
Nagatimaan nga buhion ta
Ang atong pagkausa
Yutang maanyag, duyan ka sa pagmahal
Landong sa langit ang dughan mo;
Pakatam-ison namo kon maulipon ka
Ang kamatayon sa ngalan mo[12]
Ilocano version[]
Ilocano is a Northern Luzon language, and the third most widely spoken language in the country, spoken primarily by the Ilocano and the Igorot people. This version is known as "Nailian a Dayyeng".
Imnas nga ili
Baggak ti dumadaya
Daytoy ayatmi
Ti sagutmi kenka
Dagat' kinasudi
Indayon ti nakired
Iti mangdadael
Haanka pailuges
Iti tangatang, ulep ken pul-oy
Bambantay ken baybay
Addan dayag ti daniw ken dayyeng
Ti nasamit a wayam
Ti raniag ta wagaywaymo
Ket balligi a nasileng
Ti init ken dagiti bituenna
Dinto pulos aglidem
Nakaliblibnos unay a dagan' ayat
Daytoy biag langit dita dennam
Ngem no ti dayawmot' inda dadaesen
Inggat' tanem sumalakankam[13]
Hiligaynon version[]
The Hiligaynon language is a Bisayan language that is the second most spoken regional language in the Visayas (after Cebuano), spoken by over 9 million people. A version in Hiligaynon was created under the title "Banwang Guinhalaran".
Banwang masinadyahon,
Perlas sang nasidlangan,
Init sang tigpusuon,
Gakabuhi sa imo nga dughan.
Banwang Guinhalaran,
Payag ka sang maisog,
Sa mga manugpigos,
Wala guid nagapadaog.
Sa dagat kag bukid,
Sa usbong kag sa dagway nga gabanaag,
May idlak kag tibok ang dilambong,
Kag amba sang kahilwayan.
Ang idlak sang ayahay mo,
Isa ka matam-is nga kadalag-an,
Ang bituon kag ang adlaw,
Nangin masanag sa katubtuban.
Dutang nasambit sang adlaw kag paghigugma,
Sa sabak mo matam-is ang mabuhi,
Ginapakipagbato namon, nga kung may manungpanakop,
Ang mapatay nahanungod sa imo.[14]
Central Bikol version[]
Bikol Naga is the sixth most commonly spoken language of the Philippines. It is native to the Bicol Region, and it is the mother tongue of the Bicolano people. A version of the anthem is known as "Rona Kang Mawili".
Bayang Inutang
Aki ka nin sirangan
Tingraw niyang malaad
Nasa si-mong daghan.
Rona kang mawili
Nagimatan bayani
An mansalakay
Dai ka babatayan.
Sa si-mong langit, bukid
Hayop kadagatan siring man
Nagkukutab nagbabanaag
An si-mong katalingkasan.
Simong bandera na nagkikintab
Sa hokbo naglayaw
Dai nanggad mapapara
An simong bitoon Aldaw.
Dagang nawilihan, maogma, maliwanag,
Sa limpoy mo hamis mabuhay
Minamarhay mi kun ika pagbasangan
An buhay mi si-mo idusay.[15]
Pangasinan version[]
Pangasinan, a Northern Luzon language, is the eighth most commonly spoken language in the Philippines. It is spoken primarily in the Ilocos Region by the Pangasinan people. This version is known as "Oh, Pilipinas dalin min kagal-galang".
Oh, Pilipinas,
Dalin min kagal-galang
Musia na dayat,
Ed dapit letakan
Simpey gayagan,
Panag-ugagepan day
Totoon lapag,
Ed dapit-seslekan.
Saray anak mo agda
Kawananen ya ibagat ed sika'y
Dilin bilay da no
Nakaukulay galang tan ka-inaoan
Diad palandey, lawak, taquel,
Dayat o no dia ed lawang
Sugbaen day patey ya andi
Dua-rua no sikay pan-sengegan.
Diad silong na laylay mo mankaka-sakey
Tan diad sika man-lingkor tan mangi-agel
Bangta dia'd akualan mo aneng-neng day silew
Diad akualan mo muet akuen day patey.[16]
Tausug version[]
Tausug is a Bisayan language spoken by the Tau Sūg people, a predominantly Muslim ethnic group, throughout the Sulu Archipelago of the Philippines.
Hula sin bangsa,
Filipinas pagnganan
Kalasahan ta,
Mucha ha Subangan
Maharga katu
In mga kamaasan
Yasag in dugu
Ba't hula b'yaugbugan
Dayn ha uttara sampay pa saytan
Dayn ha bud pa dagat
Kamahardikaan kakitaan
Baugbugan da sin raayat
Bituun-suga ha panji n'ya
In sinag pangdaugan
Bang man di' maka' in sahaya n'ya
Sampay pa kasaumulan
Malingkat ing hula ta iban limaya
Marayaw tuud paghulaan
Tantu, bang gubatun sin dugaing bangsa
Pa kamatay, subay baugbugan![17]
Proposed lyrical revision[]
The final line of the national anthem, "ang mamatay nang dahil sa 'yo" ("For us, thy sons to suffer and die" in the English version), is subject to certain proposed revisions for allegedly being defeatist.[18][19] In 2013, Filipino folk musician Joey Ayala, tampered with the national anthem in a forum by changing the last line to "ang magmahal ng dahil sa 'yo" ("to love for the country") and arranged the time signature from 4/4 to 6/8, drawing mixed reactions from the public.[20] In 2018, Senate President Tito Sotti suggested that last line should be revised to "ang ipaglaban ang kalayaan mo" ("to defend thy freedom") as it reflects the commitment of the Filipinos to defend the country's independence,[18] but many Filipino netizens disagreed with his suggestion.[19]
Music and tempo[]
R.A. 8491 specifies that in official or civic gatherings the anthem "shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julián Felipe." However, when literally followed, this would require performance by a pianist or by a brass band, as these were the only versions that were produced by Julián Felipe.[21] The original version was composed in duple time (i.e., in a time signature of 2/4) and was changed to the present quadruple time (4/4) in the 1920s to make singing easier by reducing emphasis on syncopation.[21][22]
During televised boxing matches featuring Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao, singers have been both praised and criticized by the National Historical Institute (NHI) for singing too slow or too fast. The NHI says that the proper tempo is a 2/4 and 100 metronomes and that the anthem should last 53 seconds.[23]
References[]
- ↑ Philippines – NationalAnthems.info
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Republic Act No. 8491 (1998-02-12). An Act prescribing the Code of the National Flag, Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and other heraldic items and devices of the Philippines.
- ↑ 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. RP Government.
- ↑ LUPANG HINIRANG - PMA "Hinirang" Class of 1987 Commencement Exercises (PTV-4) (2020-07-31). Paolo Cabling via YouTube.
- ↑ https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lupang-hinirang_baybayin.png
- ↑ Melancólicas: Coleccion de Poesías. The original text, as published in Barcelona, Spain in 1912: Palma, José (1912). Manila, Philippines: Liberería Manila Filatélica. (Digital copy found online at HathiTrust Digital Library on March 31, 2010)
- ↑ 'Lupang Hinirang' or 'Bayang Magiliw'?. The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Ocampo, Ambeth R. March 14, 2014.
- ↑ The Evolution of the National Anthem (1968). Dalmacio, Martin. Silliman Journal.
- ↑ O Sintang Lupa. Sintunado.
- ↑ Arma Lucis: Dalit Ning Lahi (2005-07-21). Anicete, Charlie. Arma Lucis.
- ↑ Himnung Kapampangan
- ↑ Lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem Version in Cebuano (Binisaya)
- ↑ Filipino National Anthem - Lupang Hinirang Lyrics Ilokano translation
- ↑ Filipino National Anthem - Lupang Hinirang Lyrics Hiligaynon translation
- ↑ Filipino National Anthem - Lupang Hinirang (Bikol translation)
- ↑ Filipino National Anthem - Lupang Hinirang Lyrics Pangasinan translation
- ↑ Filipino National Anthem - Lupang Hinirang (Tausūg translation)
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Sotto wants Philippine national anthem revised (2018-09-19). Mercado, Abner. ABS-CBN News.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Sotto gets backlash for suggesting to revise the national anthem (2018-09-20). CNN Philippines.
- ↑ Joey Ayala's version of 'Lupang Hinirang' draws mixed comments (2013-11-18). Yahoo! News Philippines. Manila Bulletin.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 The right way to sing the National Anthem (2005-05-24). Ocampo, Ambeth R. Philippines Daily Inquirer.
- ↑ Multicultural Perspectives in Music Education (2011). Anderson, W.M.; Campbell, P.S. R&L Education. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-60709-547-7.
- ↑ Arnel Pineda's version of RP anthem criticized (2010-03-14). GMA News.