Jana Gana Mana

Jana Gana Mana
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"
Sheet music
National anthem of  India
Lyrics	Rabindranath Tagore
Music	Rabindranath Tagore
Adopted	1950

Jana Gana Mana (HD) - National Anthem With Lyrics - Best Patriotic Song

"Jana Gana Mana" is the national anthem of India. It was composed and written in 1911 by the prominent polymath Rabindranath Tagore, who also created the Bengali national anthem "Amar Shonar Bangla". Originally a five-verse Brahmo hymn in Bengali called "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata", in January 1950, only the first verse was made to officially be part of the national anthem of India per the Constituent Assembly. In addition, a significant amount of words in the lyrics were sanskiritised.

History

On 11 December 1911, India's first Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore composed the melody for "Jana Gana Mana" and originally wrote the lyrics in Bengali. The lyrics are derived from the first verse of "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata", a Brahmo hymn of five verses. It conveys the spirit of pluralism, which lies at the core of India's cultural heritage.

The lyrics first appeared in five stanzas in a Bengali magazine in an issue of Adi Brahmo Samaj journal Tatwabodhini Patrika. The melody of the song, in raga Alhaiya Bilawal, was composed as a Brahmo hymn by Tagore—and possibly some help from his grand-nephew Dinendranath Tagore. The final form of the song before the first public performance was set on 11 December 1911.

For the first time, it was publicly sung on the second day of the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta (now Kolkata) on 27 December 1911. Then, it was followed in January 1912 at the annual event of the Adi Brahmo Samaj; however, however, it was largely unknown except to the readers of Tattwabodhini Patrika. The poem was published in January 1912 under the title "Bharat Bhagya Bidhata" in the Tatwabodhini Patrika, which was the official publication of the Brahmo Samaj with Tagore as the editor. That year, the song was performed by Tagore's niece Sarala Devi Chaudhurani, along with a group of school students in front of prominent Congress members. Five years later, it was performed again in the Congress conference—this time with instrumental music by the Mahraja Bahadur of Nattore.

Outside of Calcutta, the song was first sung by the bard himself at a session in Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh on 28 February 1919 when Tagore visited the college and sung the song. It enthralled the college students and Margaret Cousins, the then vice-principal of the college who was an expert in European music and was the wife of Irish poet Dr. James Cousins. Based on the notes provided by Tagore, it was preserved in 1919 in western notation at Madanapalle of Andhra Pradesh by Mrs. Margaret Cousins and her students. Mrs. Cousins perhaps became the first person to transcribe and preserve Tagore's composition in western sheet music notation at Madanapalle, based on the notes provided by Tagore himself. And soon it took place in the 'daily deciation' of the combined school and college of Besant Hall in Madanapalle and is still sung to this day. It was also here that the song was first translated into English by Tagore as 'The Morning song of India'.

These notations are largely followed to this day, although several subsequent reinterpretations have been made. The official anthem today is usually performed in the orchestral/choral adaptation made by the English composer Herbert Murrill at the behest of Nehru. Others include the B.L. Mukherjee and Ambik Mazumdar interpretation that was played in Germany for the first time under Netaji as the national anthem, as well as the interpretation by Ram Singh Thakuri for its translation to Hindustani as "Shubh Sukh Cain" (hi. शुभ सुख चैन; "Auspicious Happiness")—the national anthem of the former Azad Hind.

"Jana Gana Mana" was selected as national anthem by Subhas Chandra Bose while he was in Germany. On the occasion of the founding meeting of the German-Indian Society on 11 September 1942 in the Hotel Atlantic in Hamburg, the song was played for the first time by the Hamburg Radio Symphony Orchestra as the national anthem of an independent India.

Before it officially became the national anthem in 1950, "Jana Gana Mana" appeared in the 1945 film Hamrahi. It was also adopted as the school song of The Doon School in 1935.

On the occasion of India attaining freedom, the Indian Constituent Assembly assembled for the first time as a sovereign body on 14 August 1947, midnight and the session closed with a unanimous performance of "Jana Gana Mana". The members of the Indian Delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations held in New York City in 1947 gave a recording of "Jana Gana Mana" as the country's national anthem. The song was played by the house orchestra in front of a gathering consisting of representatives from all over the world.

Code of Conduct

The National Anthem of India is played or sung on various occasions. Instructions have been issued from time to time about the correct versions of the National Anthem, the occasions on which these are to be played or sung, and about the need for paying respect to the Anthem by observance of proper decorum on such occasions. The substance of these instructions has been embodied in the information sheet issued by the government of India for general information and guidance. The approximate duration of the Full version of the National Anthem is 52 seconds, and 20 seconds for abridged version.

Lyrics

Rabindranath Tagore, author of the lyrics.

Original by Rabindranath Tagore

Bengali original	Hindi official	English translation
জন গণ মন অধিনায়ক জয় হে, ভারত ভাগ্য বিধাতা পঞ্জাব সিন্ধু গুজরাট মরাঠা দ্রাবিড় উৎ‍‌কল বঙ্গ বিন্ধ্য হিমাচল যমুনা গঙ্গা উচ্ছল জলধি তরঙ্গ তব শুভ নামে জাগে তব শুভ আশিস মাগে গাহে তব জয়গাথা জন গণ মঙ্গল দায়ক জয় হে ভারত ভাগ্য বিধাতা জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে জয় জয় জয়, জয় হে॥	जन गण मन अधिनायक जय हे, भारत भाग्य विधाता! पंजाब-सिन्ध-गुजरात-मराठा, द्रविड-उत्कल-बङ्ग विंध्य हिमाचल यमुना गंगा, उच्छल जलधि तरंग तब शुभ नामे जागे, तब शुभ आशिष मांगे गाहे तब जय गाथा। जन-गण-मंगलदायक जय हे, भारत भाग्य विधाता! जय हे! जय हे! जय हे! जय जय जय जय हे!	Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people, Dispenser of India's destiny. Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat and Maratha, Of the Dravida and Odisha and Bengal; It echoes in the hills of Vindhya and the Himalayas, Mingles in the music of Ganga and Yamuna and is chanted by The waves of the Indian sea. They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise. The saving of all people waits in thy hand, Thou dispenser of India's destiny. Victory, victory, victory to thee.

In other Indic scripts

Hindi Telugu script	Hindi Malayalam script	Hindi Gujarati script	Hindi Odia script	Hindi Kannada script
జన గణ మన అధినాయక జయ హే భారత భాగ్య విధాతా। పంజాబ సింధు గుజరాత మరాఠా ద్రావిడ ఉత్కళ వంగ। వింధ్య హిమాచల యమునా గంగా ఉచ్ఛల జలధి తరంగ। తవ శుభ నామే జాగే తవ శుభ ఆశిష మాగే గాహే తవ జయ గాథా। జన గణ మంగళ దాయక జయ హే భారత భాగ్య విధాతా। జయ హే। జయ హే। జయ హే। జయ జయ జయ జయ హే।।	ജന ഗണ മന അധിനായക ജയ ഹേ ഭാരത ഭാഗ്യ വിധാതാ, പഞ്ചാബ് സിന്ധു ഗുജറാത്ത് മറാഠാ ദ്രാവിഡ ഉത്‌കല ബംഗാ, വിന്ധ്യ ഹിമാചല യമുനാ ഗംഗാ, ഉച്ഛല ജലധി തരംഗാ, തവ ശുഭ നാമേ ജാഗേ, തവ ശുഭ ആശിഷ മാഗേ, ഗാഹേ തവജയ ഗാഥാ, ജന ഗണ മംഗല ദായക ജയഹേ ഭാരത ഭാഗ്യ വിധാതാ. ജയഹേ, ജയഹേ, ജയഹേ ജയ ജയ ജയ ജയഹേ!	જન ગણ મન અધિનાયક જય હે ભારત ભાગ્ય વિધાતા। પંજાબ સિંધુ ગુજરાત મરાઠા દ્રાવિડ઼ ઉત્કલ બંગ વિંધ્ય હિમાચલ યમુના ગંગા ઉચ્છલ જલધિ તરંગ તવ શુભ નામે જાગે તવ શુભ આશિષ માગે ગાહે તવ જયગાથા। જન ગણ મંગલ દાયક જય હે ભારત ભાગ્ય વિધાતા। જય હે। જય હે। જય હે। જય જય જય જય હે॥	ଜନ ଗଣ ମନ ଅଧିନାୟକ ଜୟ ହେ ଭାରତ ଭାଗ୍ୟ ବିଧାତା। ପଞ୍ଜାବ ସିନ୍ଧୁ ଗୁଜରାଟ ମରାଠା ଦ୍ରାବିଡ଼ ଉତ୍କଳ ବଙ୍ଗ। ବିନ୍ଧ୍ୟ ହିମାଚଳ ଯମୁନା ଗଙ୍ଗା ଉଚ୍ଛଳ ଜଳଧି ତରଙ୍ଗ। ତବ ଶୁଭ ନାମେ ଜାଗେ ତବ ଶୁଭ ଆଶିଷ ମାଗେ ଗାହେ ତବ ଜୟଗାଥା। ଜନଗଣମଙ୍ଗଳଦାୟକ ଜୟ ହେ ଭାରତ ଭାଗ୍ୟ ବିଧାତା। ଜୟ ହେ। ଜୟ ହେ। ଜୟ ହେ। ଜୟ ଜୟ ଜୟ ଜୟ ହେ॥	ಜೊನೊ ಗೊಣೊ ಮೊನೊ ಒಧಿನಾಯೊಕೊ ಜೊಯೊ ಹೇ ಭಾರೊತೊ ಭಾಗ್ಯೊ ಬಿಧಾತಾ ಪಂಜಾಬ ಸಿಂಧು ಗುಜರಾತ ಮೊರಾಥಾ ದ್ರಾಬಿರೊ ಉತ್ಕೊಲೊ ಬೊಂಗೊ ಬಿಂಧ್ಯೊ ಹಿಮಾಚೊಲೊ ಜೊಮುನಾ ಗೊಂಗಾ ಉಚ್ಛೊಲೊ ಜೊಲೊಧಿ ತೊರೊಂಗೊ ತೊಬೊ ಶುಭೊ ನಾಮೇ ಜಾಗೇ ತೊಬೊ ಶುಭೊ ಆಶಿಷೊ ಮಾಗೇ ಗಾಹೇ ತೊಬೊ ಜೊಯೊಗಾಥಾ ಜೊನೊ ಗೊಣೊ ಮೊಂಗೊಲೊದಾಯೊಕೊ ಜಯ ಹೇ ಭಾರೊತೊ ಭಾಗ್ಯೊ ಬಿಧಾತಾ ಜೊಯೊ ಹೇ ಜೊಯೊ ಹೇ ಜೊಯೊ ಹೇ ಜೊಯೊ ಜೊಯೊ ಜೊಯೊ ಜೊಯೊ ಹೇ

In other alphabets

Latin script	Cyrillic script	Nastaliq	Thaana	Judeo-Hindi
Jan gaṇ man adhināyak jay he, Bhārat bhāgy vidhāta! Panjāb—Sindh—Gujarāt—Marāṭha… Drāviḍ—Utkal—Bang… Vindhy—Himācal—Yamuna—Ganga… Ucchal jaladhi tarang. Tab shubh nāme jāge… Tab shubh āshiṣ mānge… Gāhe tab jay gātha. Jan gaṇ mangaldāyak jay he, Bhārat bhāgy vidhāta… Jay he… Jay he… Jay he… Jay jay jay jay he!	Ҷән гәнъ мән әдҳинайк ҷәй ҳе, Бҳарәт бҳагь видҳата! Пәнҷаб—Синдҳ—Гуҷрат—Мратъҳа… Дравидъ—Уткәл—Бәнг… Виндҳь—Ҳимачәл—Йәмуна—Гәнга… Уччҳәл ҷәлдҳи тәрәнг. Тәб щубҳ наме ҷаге… Тәб щубҳ ащиш манге… Гаҳе тәб ҷәй гатҳа. Ҷән гәнъ мәнгәлдайк ҷәй ҳе, Бҳарәт бҳагь видҳата… Ҷәй ҳе… Ҷәй ҳе… Ҷәй ҳе… Ҷәй ҷәй ҷәй ҷәй ҳе!	جنَ گنَ منَ ادھی نایکَ جَیَ ہے بھارتَ بھاگیہ وِدھاتا پنجابَ سندھَ گجراتَ مراٹھا دراوڈَ اُتکلَ وَنگَ وندھیہ ہماچلَ یمونا گنگا اُچھلَ جلَدھی ترنگَ توَ شُبھَ نامے جاگے توَ شُبھَ آشش ماگے گاہے توَ جَیَ گاتھا جنَ گنَ منگلَدایک جَیَ ہے بھارتَ بھاگیہ وِدھاتا …جَیَ ہے، جَیَ ہے، جَیَ ہے !جَیَ جَیَ جَیَ جَیَ ہے	ޖަނަ ގަނަ މަނަ އަދިނާޔަކަ ޖަޔަ ހޭ ބާރަތަ ބާގްޔާ ބިދާތާ ޕަންޖާބަ ސިންދު ގުޖަރާތަ މަރާތާ ދްރާބިޅަ އުއްތްކަލަ ބަންގާ ބިންދްޔަ ހިމާޗަލަ ޖަމުނާ ގަންގާ އުއްޗަލަ ޖަލަދި ތަރަންގާ ތަބަ ޝުބަ ނާމޭ ޖާގޭ ތަބަ ޝުބަ އާޝިޝަ މާގޭ ގާހޭ ތަބަ ޖަޔަ ގާތާ ޖަނަ ގަނަ މަނަ މަންގަލަ ދާޔަކަ ޖަޔަ ހޭ ބާރަތަ ބާގްޔާ ބިދާތާ ޖަޔަ ހޭ ޖަޔަ ހޭ ޖަޔަ ހޭ ޖަޔަ ޖަޔަ ޖަޔަ ޖަޔަ ހޭ	ג׳ן גןּ מן אדהינאיק ג׳י הי בהארת בהאגיה ודהאתא פנ̆ג׳אב סנדה גג׳ראת מראתּהא דראודּ אתקל ונ̆ג ונדהיה המאצל ימונא גנ̆גא אצהל ג׳לדהי תרנ̆ג תו שבה תאמי ג׳אגי תו שבה אשש מאגי גאהי תו ג׳י גאתהא ג׳ן גןּ מנ̆גל דאיק ג׳י הי בהארת בהאגיה ודהאתא ג׳י הי, ג׳י הי, ג׳י הי !ג׳י ג׳י ג׳י ג׳י הי

Phonetic transcriptions

Hindustani IPA (Sanskritised)	Bengali IPA	Indian English IPA
[d͡ʒə.nə gə.ɳə mə.nə ə.d̪ʱi.nɑː.jə.kə d͡ʒə.jə ɦeː ǀ] [bʱɑː.ɾə.t̪ə bʱɑː.gjə ʋɪ.dʱɑː.t̪ɑː ǁ] [pə̃.d͡ʒɑː.bə sɪnd̪ʱ gʊ.d͡ʒə.ɾɑː.t̪ə mə.ɾɑː.ʈʰɑː ǀ] [d̪ɾɑː.ʋɪ.ɽə ʊt̪.kə.lə bə̃.gə ǀ] [ʋɪ̃.d̪ʱjə ɦɪ.mɑː.t͡ʃə.lə jə.mʊ.nɑː gə̃.gɑː ǀ] [ʊt̚.t͡ʃʰə.lə d͡ʒə.lə.d̪ʱi t̪ə.ɾə̃.gə ǀ] [t̪ə.bə ʃʊ.bʱə nɑː.meː d͡ʒɑː.geː ǀ] [t̪ə.bə ʃʊ.bʱə ɑː.ʃɪ.ʂə mɑ̃ː.geː ǀ] [gɑː.ɦeː t̪ə.bə d͡ʒə.jə gɑː.t̪ʰɑː ‖] [d͡ʒə.nə gə.ɳə mə̃.gə.lə d̪ɑː.jə.kə d͡ʒə.jə ɦeː ǀ] [bʱɑː.ɾə.t̪ə bʱɑː.gjə ʋɪ.d̪ʱɑː.t̪ɑː ‖] [d͡ʒə.jə ɦeː ǀ d͡ʒə.jə ɦeː ǀ d͡ʒə.jə ɦeː ǀ] [d͡ʒə.jə d͡ʒə.jə d͡ʒə.jə d͡ʒə.jə ɦeː ‖]	[d͡ʒɔ.no ɡɔ.no mɔ.no o.d̪ʱi.na.e̯ɔ.ko d͡ʒɔ.e̯o ɦe ǀ] [bʱa.ro.t̪o bʱag̚.go bi.d̪ʱa.t̪a ǁ] [pɔn.d͡ʒa.bo ʃin.d̪ʱu ɡud͡ʒ.ra.ʈo ma.ra.ʈʰa ǀ] [d̪ra.bi.ɽo ut̪.kɔ.lo bɔŋ.ɡo ‖] [bin.d̪ʱo ɦi.ma.t͡ʃɔ.lo d͡ʒo.mu.na ɡɔŋ.ɡa ǀ] [ut̚.t͡ʃʰɔ.lo d͡ʒɔ.lo.d̪ʱi.to.rɔŋ.ɡo ‖] [t̪ɔ.bo ʃu.bʱo na.me d͡ʒa.ɡe ǀ] [t̪ɔ.bo ʃu.bʱo a.ʃi.ʃo ma.ɡe ǀ] [ga.ɦe t̪ɔ.bo d͡ʒɔ.e̯o ɡa.t̪ʰa ‖] [d͡ʒɔ.no ɡɔ.no moŋ.ɡɔ.lo d̪a.e̯ɔ.ko d͡ʒɔ.e̯o ɦe ǀ] [bʱa.ro.t̪o bʱag̚.go bi.d̪ʱa.t̪a ‖] [d͡ʒɔ.e̯o ɦe ǀ d͡ʒɔ.e̯o ɦe ǀ d͡ʒɔ.e̯o ɦe ǀ] [d͡ʒɔ.e̯o d͡ʒɔ.e̯o d͡ʒɔ.e̯o d͡ʒɔ.e̯o ɦe ‖]	[ˈd̪äʊ̯ äː(ɽ)ʈ d̪ə ˈruː.lə(ɾ) əʋ d̪ə ˈmäɪ̯nd͡z əʋ ɔːl ˈpiː.pəl ǀ] [ɖɪs.ˈpɛn.sə(ɾ) əʋ ˈɪɳ.ɖɪə̯z ˈɖɛʃ.ʈɪ.niː ‖] [d̪äɪ̯ neːm ˈräʊ̯.zɪz d̪ə ɦäː(ɾ)t̪s əʋ pə̃.ˈd͡ʒaːb sɪnd̪ʱ ǀ] [gʊ.d͡ʒə.ˈɾaːt̪ ɛm mə.ˈɾaː.ʈʰə ǀ] [əʋ d̪ə ˈd̪ɾaː.ʋɪ.ɖə ɛn oː.ɖɪ.ˈʃaː] [ɛm bɛŋ.ˈɡɔːl ǀ] [ɪʈ ˈɛ.koːz ɪn d̪ə ˈɦɪlz əʋ ˈʋɪ̃.d̪ʱɪə̯ ɛn d̪ə ɦɪ.ˈmaː.lə.jəz ǀ] [ˈmɪŋ.ɡəlz ɪn d̪ə ˈmjuː.zɪk əʋ gə̃.ˈgaː ɛn jə.mʊ.ˈnaː ǀ] [ɛn ɪs ˈt͡ʃæɳ.ʈəɖ bäɪ̯] [d̪ə ˈʋeːʋz əʋ d̪ə ˈɪɳ.ɖɪə̯n siː ‖] [d̪eː ˈpɾeː fɔː(ɾ) d̪äɪ̯ ˈblɛ.sɪŋz ɛn ˈsɪŋ d̪äɪ̯ ˈpɾeːz ǀ] [d̪ə ˈseː.ʋɪŋ əʋ ɔːl ˈpiː.pəl ʋeːt̪͡s ɪn d̪äɪ̯ ˈɦæɳɖ ǀ] [ˈd̪äʊ̯ ɖɪs.ˈpɛn.sə(ɾ) əʋ ˈɪɳ.ɖɪə̯z ˈɖɛʃ.ʈɪ.niː ‖] [ˈʋɪk.ʈə.ɾiː ˈʋɪk.ʈə.ɾiː ˈʋɪk.ʈə.ɾiː ʈuː ˈd̪iː ‖]